Caspian Journal of Reproductive Medicine
Volume:1 Issue: 2, Summer 2015

Subclinical hypothyroidism is related to poor outcome of pregnancy, which is reported in more recent researches. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between pre-conception of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level and pregnancy outcomes in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF).
This retrospective cohort study was done on 115 IVF candidate patients undergoing long protocol of ovulation induction that became pregnant from 2007 to 2012. Pregnancy outcomes, including abortion rate, termination age of pregnancy and birth weight in women with low pre-conception TSH (≤2.5 mIU/L) and high pre-conception TSH (>2.5 mIU/L) were compared with each other.
Among 115 pregnancies, 30.2% of the women had pre-conception TSH >2.5 mIU/L. Preterm delivery (2.5 than them with a pre-conception TSH ≤2.5 (P= 0.044). There was no statistically significant difference in abortion, pregnancy termination, and birth weight between two groups. A pre-conception thyroid-stimulating hormone level >2.5 mIU/L is associated with a lower gestational age at delivery in women undergoing in vitro fertilization.
The results of this research indicated that a pre-conception thyroid-stimulating hormone level >2.5 associated with preterm labor in women undergoing IVF. Therefore, it is suggested that screening for hypothyroidism before IVF could be have significant public health implications.

Acute abdominal pain is a medium or severe abdominal pain that can lead to a life threatening for pregnant women and frequently requires urgent investigation and management. The aim of this study was to assess the causes and the presentation of acute abdomen among pregnant women admitted at the gynecology and an obstetrics ward of the hospital.
The present study was a cross sectional hospital based study among 118 pregnant women by face to face interview using a semi structured questionnaire. This study was conducted at the gynecology and an obstetrics ward of the hospital, Babol Iran, from April 2004 to February 2009. All analysis was performed with SPSS software.
Mean age of women was 29.1±6 years. The frequencies of the most common diagnosis of the patients were ectopic pregnancy (73.7%), appendicitis (10.2%), respectively. The study found that 55.1% of respondents complained their pain lasting more than 24 hours. Besides, 81.4% of respondents felt pain in the supra pubic followed by with nausea/ vomiting. A total of 103 (83.9%) underwent with Salpingostomy and 12 (10.1%) were treated with appendectomy.
The study concludes that a large prospective study is needed in order to precise diagnosis of the acute abdomen in pregnant women by continual updating of availability of the gynecologists for the management of the acute gynecologic and obstetrics emergencies among pregnant women.

Despite many studies published in recent years concerning pathogenic mechanisms of pre-eclampsia, but this issue remains controversial. The aim of the present study was to compare C-reactive protein (CRP) level and fibrinogen concentration obtained from pregnant women with pre-eclampsia with those obtained from women with normal pregnancies.
In a case-control study, 40 pregnant women with mild pre-eclampsia were studied. The maternal serum CRP and fibrinogen concentration of the 40 patients were compared with 55 pregnant women with non-preeclampsia as a control group. CRP was examined using quantitive nephlometry and fibrinogen concentration was measured by clotting system. An independent sample t-test was used for analysis.
Maternal serum CRP was higher in women pregnant with pre-eclampsia compared with those from pregnant women normal pregnancies (p= 0.01). The independent t-test did not reveal any statistically significant differences in the fibrinogen concentration between these pregnant women, either with or without pre-eclampsia.
The findings of this study indicated that a novel increased CRP was identified among pregnant women with pre-eclampsia, making inflammatory marker as a promising new approach for the detection of pre-eclampsia.

The most prevalent mental or emotional problem associated with childbirth is post-partum depression (PPD). This study was designed to determine the psychological responses of Iranian women to difficult childbirth.
In this prospective cohort design, incidence rate and associated obstetric predictors of PPD over twelve week’s post-partum were investigated among 1801 non depressed pregnant women attending primary health centers (PHCs) of Mazandaran province from January to June 2009 using the Iranian version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS > 12). Using logistic regression analyses, odds ratios (ORs) for the significant obstetric risk factors that were significantly associated with PPD from chi-square tests were calculated. The associations were controlled for possible socio-demographic confounding factors.
The incidence proportions of depression occurring over a 12 weeks period of post-partum were 12.30%. The regression model showed that the risk of PPD was increased by experienced recurrent urinary infection [OR=2.25, (95% CI: 1.15-4.38), unwanted pregnancy [OR=1.97, (95% CI: 1.15-3.35)] and gestational diabetes [OR=3.41, (95% CI=1.46-5.88)] during pregnancy.
Although the mode of delivery was not predictive of PPD, other difficulties during pregnancy were associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms over 12 week's post-partum that needs on-time interventions.

Despite the fact that many research studies, concerning the premenstrual syndrome (PMS), have been conducted in recent years, the relationship between psychological and social factors with PMS remains controversial. The aim of the present study was to examine the association between attribution style in the PMS for positive and negative events.
A total number of 241 employed women, with the age range of 20 to 40, were randomly selected for the sake of this study. An Attribution Style Questionnaire (ASQ) and a Delany’s Premenstrual Checklist were completed by the participants during the follicular and luteal phases, respectively. Pearson correlation coefficient and regression were used for analyzing data.
The PMS group included 145 women, who were experiencing moderate to severe PMS. According to the findings, the negative globality dimension was significantly associated with PMS (r= 0.16, P=0.011). No significant findings for the other attributional style scales were observed.
The results suggest that negative global attributional style appears to be an important construct in PMS therefore, it can be concluded that women with global attribution style for negative events are more likely to suffer from the PMS.

Many observational studies were published concerning the mean age at menarche and suggested those which may be a decreasing age at menarche in Iranian girls. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the overall mean age at menarche in Iranian girls.
We searched using online databases through December 2014 using and examined the reference lists of pertinent paper. Finally, 28 cross-sectional studies were selected for this meta-analysis. Cochran and tau-two tests were used for the detection of homogeneity of samples. The common average was calculated by random effect using RevMan 5 and Stata software. The cumulative meta-analysis and meta-regression were used to review the factors affecting heterogeneity.
The mean age at menarche was13.9 years before 2000 and after 2000 was 12.6 years. The overall mean (95% CI) age at menarche was calculated 12.872 (95% CI: 12.874, 12.870) years based on stochastic models.
These findings indicated that the mean age at menarche in Iranian girls was less than that of the region and developing countries therefore performing a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate related factors that influence age at menarche in Iranian girls could be beneficial.

A vaginal cyst is an encapsulated sac, situated on or under the lining of vagina, and contains liquid or semi liquid substance. Vaginal cysts have rarely proved to be more troublesome than causing a bit of discomfort and slight pain, but in some cases, they can develop into tumors. A 5-year-old girl, who was complaining about a weird pain in her lower abdomen, was referred to the gynecology center of the hospital. Ultrasonography revealed a vague large cyst in her uterus and vagina. Surgical procedure was necessary to remove it. The patient was followed up for 6 months, and no sign of recurrence of the cyst was observed.